Infarct after SICH Evacuation– Cause or Effect?

Perforated appendicitis after colonoscopy: cause or coincidence?

RATIONALE Colonoscopy is a relatively safe and common procedure with low risks of complications, and acute appendicitis with perforation is an extremely rare complication of colonoscopy. The current study presents an unusual case of acute gangrenous appendicitis with perforation following a screening colonoscopy. PATIENT CONCERNS A 73-year-old man presented to our emergency department with lo...

Hypothyroidism and obesity. Cause or effect?

OBJECTIVE To establish relationship between obesity and hypothyroidism and to analyze the frequency the frequency of primary hypothyroidism in obese patients and frequency of obesity in primary hypothyroidism patients. METHODS We conducted this retrospective, observational study in the Department of Endocrinology and Obesity Clinic, Medwin Hospital, Hyderabad, India in Mar 2008. In the last 1...

Exceptional exporter performance : cause , effect , or both ?

A growing body of empirical work has documented the superior performance characteristics of exporting plants and firms relative to non-exporters. Employment, shipments, wages, productivity and capital intensity are all higher at exporters at any given moment. This paper asks whether good firms become exporters or whether exporting improves firm performance. The evidence is quite clear on one po...

Social dominance orientation: Cause or ‘mere effect’?

Depression and the hippocampus: cause or effect?

f d f h l s R esearch examining the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and hippocampal volume has long wrestled with the chicken and egg question. From the time the rst report was published finding smaller hippocampal volumes in atients with MDD compared with healthy control subjects (1), here have been hundreds of studies in the literature, with the ajority, but not all, find...